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Enclomiphene Citrate (Androxal)
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
/WHAT_IT_IS
Enclomiphene is the isolated trans-isomer of clomiphene, designed to stimulate endogenous testosterone production without suppressing sperm or LH levels.
/USAGE
Investigated for treating secondary hypogonadism in men to restore testosterone while preserving fertility; off-label in male hormone therapy.
/MECHANISM_OF_ACTION
Antagonizes estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus/pituitary, preventing negative feedback and increasing GnRH, LH, FSH, which stimulates testicular testosterone and sperm production :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}.
Reported Benefits
- +Restores physiological testosterone levels in hypogonadal men :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}
- +Maintains or increases sperm count (unlike exogenous TRT) :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}
- +Elevates LH and FSH rather than suppressing them :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}
- +Favorable safety and side effect profile vs clomiphene :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}
Reported Side Effects
- −Headache, nausea, abdominal discomfort (~1–2%) :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}
- −Hot flashes, mood changes, acne, increased appetite (rare) :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}
- −Low risk of thromboembolic events (<0.3%) and vision changes :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}
/STACKED_WITH
/RESEARCH_NOTES
Phase II/III trials demonstrated normalization of testosterone, LH/FSH, and sperm counts in obese and secondary hypogonadal men; shows legacy effect lasting ≥1 week off-treatment :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}; development discontinued by FDA in 2021 due to regulatory issues :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}.
/REFERENCE
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5009465//RELATED
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